The shovelling and loading and unloading operations of the loader are realized through the movement of its working device. The working device of the loader is composed of bucket 1, boom 2, connecting rod 3, rocker arm 4, bucket cylinder 5, boom cylinder 6, etc. The entire working device is hinged on the frame 7 . The bucket is hinged with the bucket cylinder through the connecting rod and the rocker arm to load and unload the material. The boom is hinged with the frame and the boom cylinder to lift the bucket. The tipping of the bucket and the lifting of the boom are hydraulically controlled.
When the loader is working, the working device should be able to ensure that: when the bucket cylinder is locked and the boom cylinder is lifted or lowered, the link mechanism makes the bucket move up and down or close to translation, so as to prevent the bucket from tilting and scattering materials; When the arm is in any position and the bucket rotates around the hinge point of the boom for unloading, the inclination angle of the bucket is not less than 45°, and the bucket can be automatically leveled when the boom is lowered after unloading. Based on the structural types of loader working devices at home and abroad, there are mainly seven types, that is, according to the number of components of the link mechanism, they are divided into three-bar, four-bar, five-bar, six-bar and eight-bar, etc.; According to whether the steering of the input and output rods is the same, it is divided into forward rotation and reverse rotation link mechanisms. The bucket structure of the loader for earthmoving works. The bucket body is usually welded with low carbon, wear-resistant and high-strength steel plates. The cutting edge is made of wear-resistant medium manganese alloy steel. Made of ground steel. There are four shapes of bucket cutters. The selection of tooth profile should consider factors such as insertion resistance, wear resistance and ease of replacement. Tooth-shaped sub-tines and blunt teeth, tire loaders mostly use tines, and crawler loader mostly use blunt teeth. The number of bucket teeth depends on the bucket width, and the bucket tooth pitch is generally 150-300mm. The bucket tooth structure is divided into two types: integral type and split type. Small and medium-sized loaders mostly use integral type, while large-scale loaders often use split type due to poor working conditions and serious wear of bucket teeth. The split bucket teeth are divided into two parts: basic tooth 2 and tooth tip 1. After wear, only the tooth tip needs to be replaced.
